Abashinwa Zipper Ifasha kubaka Igihugu Cyimyambarire ikomeye

Umwanditsi: Ishyirahamwe rya Zipper

Inkomoko: Ishyirahamwe ry’imyenda mu Bushinwa

2024-09-10 10:45

Zipper ntishobora gukora imyenda, ariko irashobora kuyisenya. Ubwiza bwa zipper ningirakamaro kumyambarire. Niba hari ikibazo cyimikorere yo gufunga zipper, imyenda irashobora gutabwa mumyanda na nyirayo. Ugereranije nibindi bikoresho, zipper zifite amateka magufi, ariko ntibibabuza kuba kimwe mubintu byingenzi bigize imyambaro, ntabwo bituma imyenda irushaho kuba myiza mumiterere, ahubwo inatuma imyenda irushaho gushimisha. Zipper nigikoresho cyimyenda yimyenda, ariko ifite gahunda yinganda zitandukanye hamwe numuyoboro winganda, hamwe nubwigenge buhanitse. Iterambere ry’inganda z’amoko y’Ubushinwa ryanyuze mu myaka ijana, ariko inganda, ihuriro, hamwe n’ibigezweho byateye imbere mu myaka irenga mirongo ine gusa. Abashinwa bo mu Bushinwa bakurikiza umuvuduko w’inganda z’Abashinwa kandi bakomeza gutera imbere bagana ku guhanga udushya, gutera imbere, no gutera imbere, batanga umusanzu wabo mu guhindura ubuziranenge bw’imyenda y’imyambaro y’Ubushinwa kuva mu gihugu kinini ikajya mu gihugu gikomeye.

1 ip Zipper irakingura, itangiza ibihe bishya byimyambarire igezweho

Zipper, izwi kandi nka zipper, nikimwe mubice byingenzi byifashishwa mu myambaro. Yashyizwe ku mwanya wa mbere mu bintu icumi byavumbuwe byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho y’abantu byasohotse mu nomero yo mu 1986 y’ikinyamakuru Science World muri Amerika. Dukurikije amateka y’amateka, guhimba za zipper (ipatanti ya mbere ijyanye na zippers yavutse mu 1851) ifite amateka yimyaka irenga 170. Kimwe nibindi bicuruzwa byinganda, zipper nazo zanyuze mubikorwa bigoye kandi birebire byabayeho biturutse ku bwihindurize, kuva mubwubatsi bworoshye kandi budahungabana kugeza uyu munsi neza, byoroshye, kandi byoroshye. Kuva kumurongo wambere wicyuma hamwe no gufungura no gufunga imikorere, kugeza kumunsi wibyiciro byinshi, ibisobanuro byinshi, imikorere myinshi, ibyuma byinshi bitandukanye na nylon, inshinge zashizwemo zipper hamwe nizindi seri, zipper zerekanwa kubantu mubakire kandi bafite amabara kandi inzira ishimishije. Ibikoresho byabo, imitungo, imiterere, nibikoreshwa byahindutse cyane kandi byimbitse ugereranije nigishushanyo mbonera cyambere, kigaragaza ibintu bikize cyane, kandi uburyo bwo kubikoresha buragenda bwaguka. Amakuru yumuco agenda arushaho kuba umukire

Duhereye ku gitekerezo cya gihanga cyo gukemura ikibazo cyo kwambara no gukuramo inkweto ndende z’abagore kugeza aho zikoreshwa cyane mu myambaro, imizigo, no mu zindi nzego, zipper zuyu munsi ntizagarukira gusa ku myumvire gakondo yo gufungura no gufunga, ariko kandi ifite imirimo mishya. nkibikorwa bifatika, igishushanyo mbonera, uburyo bwo kuvuga, hamwe nuburyo bwiza. Mubihe byinganda, imyenda igezweho yiganjemo "inganda ziteguye kwambara", imyenda itari iy'imihango ifata igice kinini cya buri munsi. Ivumburwa rya zipper ryazanye iterambere mu myenda yimyenda nuburyo bwo kuyibyaza umusaruro, buhoro buhoro itandukanya imyambarire yimyambarire kwisi nimyambarire ya buri munsi n imyenda gakondo. By'umwihariko biterwa na denim nyuma yintambara nuburyo bwa pank, zipper zahindutse kimwe mubikoresho byingenzi byimyambarire, bitangiza mugihe cyimyambarire yimyambarire yihariye.

Zipper nuburyo bubiri bwo gukurikirana igishushanyo mbonera nubushakashatsi bwinganda. Mu myaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi byamateka yimyambarire yabantu, ibikoresho bigereranwa nudusimba twumugozi bitwara abantu bifuza ubwiza, kandi mubinyejana byashize, kuvuka kwa zipper byatanze abantu bashya kugirango bashake ibimenyetso bishya byimiterere yimyambarire. Zipper nimyambarire igezweho ihuza hamwe, yuzuzanya, kandi igongana. Zipper, nkumuhuza wingenzi wo gufungura no gufunga, ifite ibiranga ibikorwa bidasenya, bishobora guteza imbere gusana nubusugire bwimyenda. Imiterere yacyo yo hanze nayo ihujwe neza nuburinganire rusange hamwe nuburinganire bwimyenda, kandi irashobora kwerekana neza ubwiza bwimiterere yimyenda n'imirongo. Ubwinshi bwibikoresho, amabara, imiterere, nuburyo bwa zipper bitanga amahirwe atagira imipaka yo guhuza udushya twimyenda itandukanye. Kurugero, ingano ntoya kandi ihishe ya zipper zitagaragara zituma imyenda gakondo igira ihinduka ryinshi kandi igafasha ibintu gakondo kwinjizwa mubyerekezo bigezweho.

Zipper ntoya irimo ibibazo bikomeye. Gukora Zipper ni ikimenyetso cyimbaraga zigihugu mu nganda, zirimo 37 zishobora kuboneka biturutse ku masomo asanzwe mu Bushinwa, harimo 12 yo mu rwego rwa mbere. Turashobora kuvuga ko inganda zigezweho zipper zishyigikirwa na sisitemu yinganda zuzuye, arirwo ruhurirane rwibice byinshi nkibikoresho bya siyansi, ubukanishi, na chimie. Ni microcosm yiterambere ryo murwego rwohejuru rwinganda zubushinwa.

2 、 Kuzamuka, gutera imbere, no gutera imbere kwinyamanswa zishinwa

Mu myaka ya za 1920, zipper zazanwe mu Bushinwa hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bya gisirikare by’amahanga (ahanini bikoreshwa mu myambaro ya gisirikare). Ibigo by’amahanga byagurishije zipper muri Shanghai, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zipper zapani. Hamwe n’ibihano byinshi by’ibicuruzwa by’Ubuyapani mu Bushinwa, inganda nyinshi z’ibikoresho by’Ubushinwa zinjiye mu bucuruzi bw’igihugu cya zipper buri umwe kugira ngo zongere imbaraga mu bicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa. Uruganda rukora imyenda rwa gisirikare rwa "Wu Xiangxin" rwafashe iyambere mu gushinga uruganda rwa zipper, rukaba arirwo ruganda rwa mbere rwanditseho ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa, ndetse rwandikisha ikirango cya mbere cy’Ubushinwa - "Iron Anchor Brand". Hamwe n’intambara zikenewe, isoko ry’isoko rya zipper kubera ko ibikoresho bya gisirikare byarushijeho gukomera, ari nabyo byatumye iterambere rikomeye ry’inganda zipper muri Shanghai. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kubera intambara, inganda zipper zimaze gukura zikura vuba nk'umucanga. Mubihe bidurumbanye cyane, hagati yumuraba munini wo gucikamo ibice no gutandukana, inganda zipper zari zimeze nkintete y ibigori, igendana numuyaga kubutaka bwacitsemo ibice, ukumva cyane ubutumwa bwashinzwe nigihe. "Abacuruzi b'iki gihe bafite uburenganzira bwo kubaho, gutera imbere no kugabanuka kw'igihugu cyacu." Ivuka rya zipper zo mu Bushinwa ryashinze imizi mu "gukomera kwigihugu," rikomeza umutima wo gukunda igihugu no gucika intege, kandi ni inganda ziyubashye.

Mu gihe cy’ubushakashatsi bw’abasosiyalisiti mu Bushinwa bushya hamwe n’akajagari ka Revolisiyo y’umuco, ikibatsi cy’abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa cyahise kiganza mu buryo bufatika bwo guteza imbere inganda z’igihugu. Inganda za leta zipper zateye imbere byihuse, ariko kubera ibihe bigoye nkinkunga, ikoranabuhanga, nisoko, iterambere ryimodoka zo murugo byari bigoye.

Inteko rusange ya gatatu ya komite nkuru ya cumi na rimwe y’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti ry’Ubushinwa yafunguye umwenda wo kuvugurura no gufungura. Umuseke wubukungu bwisoko ushonga urubura na shelegi, kandi imigezi ibihumbi n'ibihumbi isukuye ihinduka imbaraga ziyongera. Inganda zigenga zimaze kumera nkibihumyo nyuma yimvura. Inganda zipper nizo zambere zometse ku nkombe mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo y’intara. Mu rwego rwa politiki yisanzuye mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa, imiyoboro ifunguye ku isoko rya Hong Kong, no kwinjiza imashini n’ibikoresho biva muri Tayiwani, inganda zipper zo mu gihugu zashingiye ku bihe by’ibihe kugira ngo twigirire kandi bitere imbere byihuse bigezweho sisitemu yo gukora no kugurisha sisitemu ihuza ibikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho byumwuga ubushakashatsi niterambere, umusaruro wa zipper ninganda, hamwe nubuziranenge bwa tekiniki.

Nyuma yo kwinjira mu kinyejana gishya, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu bw’isoko ndetse n’iterambere ryihuse ry’imyenda n’imyenda, inganda zipper zo mu Bushinwa zateraniye hamwe mu bicuruzwa by’imyenda, zikora amatsinda agaragara cyane mu nganda, nka Jinjiya muri Fujian, Shantou muri Guangdong, Hangzhou muri Zhejiang, Wenzhou, Yiwu, Changshu muri Jiangsu, n'ibindi. Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro nabwo bwahindutse buva mu ntoki igice-cyikora cyikora kugeza byuzuye kandi byubwenge. Zippers zo mu Bushinwa zashizeho uburyo bw’inganda kuva kera, kuva ku bito kugeza binini, kuva ku ntege nke kugeza ku bikomeye, kuva ku bicuruzwa bito byo mu rwego rw’inganda kugeza ku bicuruzwa byo hagati kugeza ku bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, hamwe n’isoko ryo mu gihugu rihuza no guhatana hagati y’ibigo binini, bito n'ibiciriritse. . Kugeza ubu, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa ni miliyari 50, hamwe n’umusaruro urenga metero 42, muri byo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bingana na miliyari 11, bingana na 50.4% by’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa ku isi. Hariho inganda zirenga 3000 zinganda ninganda zirenga 300 hejuru yubunini bwagenwe, zitanga serivise zihuye ninganda zirenga 170000 zimyenda mubushinwa hamwe n imyambaro yabantu miliyari 8 kwisi yose, bigira uruhare rutazibagirana mugutezimbere no kuzamura inganda zimyenda yubushinwa.

3 changes Impinduka nshya muri zipper zo murugo duhereye kumajyambere

Mu myaka yashize, inganda z’Abashinwa zateye intambwe ishimishije mu guhindura no kuzamura. Inganda zikorana buhanga buhanitse nka chip, indege nini, imodoka nshya zingufu, itumanaho rya kwant, ibikoresho byinganda zikomeye, hamwe na gari ya moshi yihuta byadukuye mu ngoyi y "inganda ziciriritse". Inganda z’Abashinwa zitangiza impinduka nshya z’amateka, ari nazo zatumye ubukungu bwateye imbere nka Amerika n’Uburayi bidukurikirana kandi bikatubuza, kugerageza kubuza Ubushinwa gutera imbere mu ntera y’agaciro. Nkabaguzi rero, dukwiye gutanga icyizere, kubahana, no kwihanganira Made in China. Inzira igoye yo kurema yigenga yakozwe na Made mu Bushinwa mu myaka irenga 40 yerekana intambwe ihamye yinganda zipper zigihugu zigana ku iterambere ryiza.

Mu ntangiriro yo kuvugurura no gufungura, inganda za gisivili mu Bushinwa zibanze ku gukemura ibibazo by’ibibazo "niba bihari" na "niba bihagije". Gukora ibicuruzwa byari murwego "kwigana", ukurikirana ubwinshi nkibyingenzi. Isoko rinini ryinyanja yubururu ryatumye inganda zirengagiza kugenzura ubuziranenge, bigatuma umusaruro muke wanyuma kandi utari mwiza wibicuruzwa byinganda mubushinwa mugihe cyambere. Zipper zo mu Bushinwa nazo zagize ibibazo bimwe bisanzwe, nko kuvanga urunigi rwa zipper, kuvunika urunigi, no kuvunika inda. Iki nikintu kidahakana.

Kuva Ubushinwa bwinjira muri WTO, ibicuruzwa byinshi "Byakozwe mu Bushinwa" byoherejwe ku isi hose. Ubwiyongere bwihuse bwibipimo by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Bushinwa n’ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge by’abaguzi mpuzamahanga byatumye inganda z’Abashinwa ziteza imbere imbere. Hashyizweho ibikoresho bigezweho biva muri Tayiwani, Ubuyapani, Koreya yepfo, Ubudage, ndetse n’ibindi bihugu, zipper zo mu gihugu zazamutse ku rwego rushya mu bijyanye no gukora neza ibicuruzwa, kandi ibibazo by’ubuziranenge byakemuwe ahanini. Ibigo byatangiye kandi kongera ishoramari mu guhanga udushya, gushimangira imiyoborere myiza, no kunoza serivisi zamamaza, buhoro buhoro biva mu nzira zishingiye ku nganda ziciriritse no gutangiza ingaruka ku isoko ryo hagati kugeza hejuru.

Kuva guherekeza kugeza kuyobora, zippers zo mubushinwa zatangiye inzira yo guhanga udushya no guhinduka. Mu myaka mirongo ine yo kwaguka no kwiyongera, zippers zo mu Bushinwa ntizigeze zihagarika guhanga udushya, gutera imbere muburyo bwo guhanga udushya, guhanga ibintu, no guhanga ibicuruzwa. Kuva mu guhanga ibikoresho byibanze bya zipper kugeza kubushakashatsi no guteza imbere byinshi mubikoresho bimwe byubwenge, ubufatanye bwikoranabuhanga bwakozwe ninganda zirenga 200 zubushakashatsi n’ibigo by’iterambere birahagije kugira ngo tugere ku ntera yujuje ubuziranenge kuri iki gicuruzwa cyiza, zippers. Ibigo byinshi bya zipper byafatanije na kaminuza ya Donghua, ikigo cy’imyenda n’imyambaro izwi cyane, mu rwego rwo kuzamura udushya twabo no gushimangira impinduka zagezweho mu guhanga udushya binyuze mu bufatanye n’ubushakashatsi muri kaminuza z’inganda. Mu iterambere icyarimwe icyarimwe cyo guhuza udushya twinshi two guhanga udushya twa sisitemu yo guhanga udushya, guhanga udushya dufatanije, no guhanga udushya twigenga, imikorere yo guhanga udushya yaratejwe imbere cyane, ibyagezweho mu guhanga udushya bikomeje kugaragara, kandi imbaraga zo gutwara abantu zikomeje gushimangira.

Imbaraga zibicuruzwa bya Polonye hamwe nudushya no gutwara imbaraga zimbaraga hamwe nimbaraga zibicuruzwa. Kuva ku bipimo ngenderwaho mpuzamahanga bya zipper kugeza gukora label "Nziza Zipper, Yakozwe mu Bushinwa", zipper zo mu gihugu zubahiriza igitekerezo gishya cyo gukomeza gutera imbere no gutera imbere, guhora ukora ibicuruzwa byiza. Munsi ya macro, SBS (Xunxing Zipper) ifasha mububasha bwibicuruzwa byubushinwa Aerosmace Ibibazo bitandatu Sky, SAB (Weixing Zipper) ifasha ANTA mugukora imbaraga ziranga "Imyenda ya Champion Dragon" mumikino Olempike, YCC (Imyenda ya Donglong ) anti-wrinkle zipper ikemura ikibazo cyakinyejana cyakera cyo kubika imyenda, HSD (Huashengdala Chain) ikoresha impanga za digitale kugirango ifashe mugutezimbere ibisubizo byoguhindura imiterere ya zipper, 3F (Fuxing Zipper) anti-static zipper yegukana umudari wa zahabu mumarushanwa mpuzamahanga yo gushushanya, KEE . umwe ku wundi, guhora utera imbere. Guhaza "ibitekerezo byifuzo" mubijyanye no kwerekana imideli.

Kugereranya no gufata munsi y'amarushanwa yuzuye. Kubera ko iterambere ry’isoko ry’imyenda n’imyambaro ridindira, inganda z’inganda zinjira mu Bushinwa nazo zinjiye mu gihe cy’imihindagurikire yimbitse, kandi n’inganda zikomeje gutera imbere, hamwe n’uburyo rusange bwo guhanga udushya "uruhare" mu bigo. Ibigo byambere byimbere mu gihugu bihagarariwe na SBS (Xunxing Zipper) na SAB (Weixing Zipper) bitangiza umuyaga mushya wo guhinduka no kuzamura.

Guhindura imibare, gushaka imbaraga nshya zo guhindura imipaka. Hamwe niterambere ryimbitse rya digitale nubwenge, guhuza no guhanga udushya twa zipper byafashe inzira nshya. Kongera imbaraga za digitale yibigo byimbere mu gihugu byahindutse inzira nshya. Ni muri urwo rwego, Weixing Zipper iri ku isonga mu nganda: hamwe n’imyubakire ya "1 + N + N" (ibikoresho 1 byerekana ibikoresho bya digitale, abacuruzi bo mu bwoko bwa N, abacuruzi bo mu ruganda rutanga imyenda, porogaramu zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa digitale), ihuza mu buryo butambitse. urunigi rwose rw'agaciro kuva kubatanga kugeza kubakiriya, byongera ubufatanye bwa digitale yinganda zose zinganda zishushanya ibicuruzwa, ubushakashatsi niterambere, amasoko, umusaruro, kwamamaza, na serivise, itahura byihuse kandi byoroshye gutanga ibicuruzwa byihariye byabigenewe kubakiriya, kandi bitanga ibikorwa bifatika igisubizo cya digitale igisubizo kubashinwa zipper ndetse nimyenda yubushinwa.

Ongera uzamure ubuziranenge kandi wubake urufatiro rwiza rwa "zipper nziza, zakozwe mubushinwa". Mubidukikije ku isoko aho iterambere riganisha ku kugabanuka, ubuziranenge nubuzima bwimishinga. Umurongo wingenzi witerambere kubashinwa zippers nintambara ndende yo kuzamura ubuziranenge. Mu myaka icumi ishize, iyobowe n’inganda ziyoboye, ubwiza rusange bw’imashini zo mu Bushinwa bwateye imbere cyane. Muri iki gihe, ndetse no hagati ya zipper zo hagati ntizifite ibibazo byibanze nko kumena urunigi cyangwa guta amenyo. Ahubwo, ibipimo byimikorere yabo igaragara (gukurura imbaraga, gukurura inshuro, kwihuta kwamabara, gukurura umutwe kwifungisha imbaraga, no gukurura urumuri no koroshya) byatejwe imbere cyane. Babaye ku isonga ryisi mu kugenzura kugabanuka kwa kaseti, gusiga irangi neza, kuvura ibisobanuro birambuye, no gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere imbaraga nyinshi zicyuma n’ibikoresho bivangwa. Ibipimo byubuziranenge bwa zipper zo mu Bushinwa bivugururwa buri myaka itatu na buri myaka itanu, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bishya byemewe byasohotse ku gipimo cya 20% buri mwaka. Igipimo cyinjira mumasoko yo murwego rwohejuru arenga 85%.

Icyatsi na karubone nkeya biganisha ku cyerekezo gishya cyiterambere rirambye. Mu myaka yashize, inganda zimyenda zabonye inzira iganisha kumyambarire irambye. Hamwe nintego ya "dual carbone" yinjira mumurongo wihuse, ibirango byimyenda nabyo byihutisha kubaka urunigi rutanga icyatsi. Icyatsi kibisi nacyo cyahindutse imbaraga zikomeye munganda zipper. Zippers zo mu Bushinwa zitoza cyane igitekerezo cyiterambere ryicyatsi, kandi zabanje gukora sisitemu mugushushanya ibicuruzwa bibisi, ubushakashatsi bwibintu byatsi niterambere, hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora icyatsi. Kugeza ubu, imishinga yo mu bwoko bwa zipper yo mu gihugu yatsindiye ikirango cy’ibidukikije cya OEKO-TEX100, icyemezo cya BSCI na SEDEX, kandi ibigo byinshi byinjiye mu bikorwa mpuzamahanga by’ikirere nka Fashion Industry Climate Charter. Kubijyanye nibicuruzwa, zipper zicyatsi nka biodegradable biobased zippers na zipper zisubirwamo zihora zigaragara. Turimo gukora cyane mubikorwa byo gutunganya icyatsi n’ingufu zisukuye, nkamasosiyete akomeye ya zipper yubaka imishinga yo gufotora hejuru yinzu kugirango tugere ku gutandukanya ingufu n’isuku; Weixing Zipper yazamuye ingufu zingufu binyuze mu kugarura ubushyuhe, umusaruro ukomatanyije, no kuzamura ibikoresho, kandi isohora raporo ziterambere rirambye mumyaka irenga icumi; Xunxing zipper igera kuri zeru isohoka rya zeru hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nko gusiga amarangi adafite amazi no gutunganya amazi ... Izi ngamba zifatika zigaragaza byimazeyo imbaraga ziterambere ryiterambere ryinganda zinganda zUbushinwa.

4 、 Tanga imbaraga za "zipper y'amoko" mukubaka igihugu gikomeye cyimyenda

Inganda z’imyenda y’Abashinwa zashyize ahagaragara icyerekezo n’iterambere mu 2035: kubaka inganda z’imyenda y’Abashinwa mu mbaraga z’imyenda iteza imbere, irema, kandi igira uruhare mu iterambere ry’inganda zerekana imideli ku isi mu gihe Ubushinwa bugera ahanini ku ivugurura ry’abasosiyalisiti, no kuba umushoferi nyamukuru wubuhanga bwimyambarire yisi, umuyobozi wingenzi muburyo bwisi, kandi uteza imbere iterambere rirambye.

Zipper zo mu Bushinwa zateye imbere n’izamuka ry’inganda z’imyenda mu Bushinwa, kandi zahuye n’amahirwe mashya n’ingorabahizi hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga, imideli, n’icyatsi kibisi cy’imyambaro y’Ubushinwa. Icyerekezo cy’iterambere 2035 cy’inganda z’imyenda mu Bushinwa cyatangiye urugendo rushya rwo kuba ingufu z’imyenda, kandi kubaka ubwiza buhanitse bw’imbere mu gihugu byanze bikunze ni kimwe mu bintu byingenzi bigize. Muri gahunda nshya y’iterambere ry’inganda, abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa bazakomeza gushyira imbere ubuziranenge, bagendana n’iterambere ry’imyambaro, bakurikiza igitekerezo cy’iterambere ry’icyatsi na karuboni nkeya, bakurikiza iterambere ry’ingufu z’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, kandi bagatanga imbaraga za zipper zigihugu kugirango intego yo kubaka igihugu gikomeye cyimyenda.

Haracyariho "ubwato bwo kubaza no gushaka inkota" imishinga "ikomeza intera" no "gusuzugura" zipper zo mubushinwa. Impamvu yabyo ni ebyiri: kuruhande rumwe, ntabwo bumva iterambere muri "Made in China" kandi baracyatsimbaraye kuri stereotype y "ibicuruzwa bihendutse ariko nta bicuruzwa byiza"; Kurundi ruhande, hariho gukurikirana buhumyi ibirango byamahanga, bidafite ubwenge bushyize mu gaciro hamwe nicyerekezo cyiterambere.